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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Hello,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Please join us for Mackenzie Hopkins’s Master Prospectus Defense on
<b>Thursday, November 6<sup>th</sup></b>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Title:</span><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-ligatures:none">
</span></b><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Exploration of the Valentine Vents: A newly discovered site of diffuse, low-temperature, sediment-hosted volcanic activity in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica.
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Name: Mackenzie Hopkins<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Date: 11/6/2025<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Time: 1:00 PM<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Location: EOAS 5067<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Advisor: Lisa Herbert<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Abstract:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">New findings off the west coast of Antarctica reveal the possibility of magmatic influence at a marine sediment-hosted diffuse vent field in the Amundsen Sea. This previously undocumented site, coined the
“Valentine Vents”, exhibits a low pH and low salinity alongside high concentrations of dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> in the pore water. Pore water Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, U, Zn, and rare earth elements (REE) Yb and Nd show high concentrations compared to typical sea water
concentrations as well as sediments from nearby sites, while several elements (Cu, Cr, and Mo) are depleted. High levels of reactive iron and manganese were also observed. Initial physical observations coupled with preliminary geochemical findings suggest
diffuse venting of low-oxygen, low-sulfur magmatic fluid enriched in CO<sub>2</sub> and trace metals. This site, located in a local depression in the seafloor, may overlie a magmatic intrusion causing degassing and upward fluid transport through the glacial
sediment cover. This is consistent with the known presence of continental vulcanism in this region of West Antarctic. The discovery of this site could lead to a paradigm shift in our understanding of the sources of trace metals necessary for primary production
in the Amundsen Sea.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Best, <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Adea<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Segoe Script"">Adea Arrison</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Segoe Script""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Segoe Script"">Sr. Academic Program Specialist<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Segoe Script"">Department of Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Science<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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