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<p class="HTMLBody" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:115%"><b><u><span style="font-size:26.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Monotype Corsiva"">Meteorology Seminar<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p>
<p class="HTMLBody" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:115%"><b><span style="font-size:28.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Monotype Corsiva"">Ethan Wright</span></b><span style="font-size:28.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Monotype Corsiva""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="HTMLBody" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:28.0pt;font-family:"Monotype Corsiva"">Master’s Meteorology Candidate<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="HTMLBody"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="doublespacedcaps" align="left" style="text-align:left;line-height:normal">
<b><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Title</span></u>:</b> <span style="font-size:14.0pt">
characterizing buoy wind speed error in extreme conditions through a comparison with scatterometers and era5 Reanalysis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Major Professor</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt">: Dr. Mark Bourassa</span></b><b><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Date</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt">:</span></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"> December 10th, 2019
<b><u>Time</u>: 2:00 PM</b></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="HTMLBody"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p>
<p class="HTMLBody"><b><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Location</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt">:
</span></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Werner A. Baum Seminar Room (353 </span>
<span style="font-size:14.0pt">Love Building)<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>(Please join us for refreshments served outside room 353 Love @ 1:30 PM)</b><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b>ABSTRACT<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:.5in"><a name="_Toc18499343"></a><a name="_Toc18499384"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Toc18499343"><span style="mso-ligatures:standard;mso-contextual-alternates:yes">Buoys are a common source of remote sensing validation
data over the open ocean and are one of only a small number of in situ sources in this data sparse region. Previous studies have shown the presence of a low wind speed bias for buoys in extremely high wind conditions, but the data for the high wind speed ranges
are limited. Therefore, it is important to test the validity of using buoys as an in situ source for satellite calibration in high winds and high seas using a relatively long record of buoy winds. Sub-setting scatterometer and buoy wind speed differences using
wave parameters provides insight into the conditions under which wind speeds diverge between these wind sources. This study uses KNMI ASCAT and NASA QuikSCAT Ocean Vector Wind datasets to compare with buoy winds processed through the Global Telecommunications
System and ECMWF ERA5 Reanalysis wave data from 1999 to 2018. The scatterometer, buoy and reanalysis data are triple collocated in space by less than 25 km, and time less than 30 minutes. A probability distribution function (PDF) analysis with wind speed differences
sub-divided by wind speed ranges and wave characteristics is performed to test for the dependence of wind speed differences on changing sea states. Wind speed differences are further binned by anemometer height to investigate how physical buoy characteristics
affect these differences. <o:p></o:p></span></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:.5in"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Toc18499384"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Toc18499343"><span style="mso-ligatures:standard;mso-contextual-alternates:yes">To account for buoy wind speed differences due to varying stability
in the boundary layer, buoy winds at different anemometer heights are converted to 10 m equivalent neutral winds (<i>U<sub>10EN</sub></i>) to compare with scatterometer winds. Comparisons show a difference between the high wind speed calibrations of QuikSCAT
and ASCAT where QuikSCAT winds exceed buoy <i>U<sub>10EN</sub></i> by nearly 4 m s<sup>-1</sup> and ASCAT winds exceed buoy
<i>U<sub>10EN</sub></i> by 0.65 m s<sup>-1</sup> on average in the 20 to 25 m s<sup>-1</sup>
</span></span></span><span style="mso-ligatures:standard;mso-contextual-alternates:yes">buoy
<i>U<sub>10EN</sub></i><sub> </sub>range. The PDFs of wind speed differences (Buoy
<i>U<sub>10EN</sub></i> − Scatterometer) binned by wind speed ranges vary as a function of ERA5 significant wave height and buoy anemometer height. As significant wave height increases, buoy wind speed differences associated with low anemometers decrease further
than wind speed differences measured with higher anemometers. This pattern is particularly apparent when significant wave heights exceeding 4 m are combined with wind speeds exceeding 12 m s<sup>-1</sup>. Therefore, it is important to consider modification
of buoy winds by the wave profile in extreme conditions prior to their application to validate remotely sensed winds.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:.5in"><span style="mso-ligatures:standard;mso-contextual-alternates:yes"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:.5in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Shel McGuire<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Florida State University<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Academic Program Specialist<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Department of Earth, Ocean, & Atmospheric Science<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">1017 Academic Way, 410 Love Building (Meteorology)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Tallahassee, FL 32306<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">850-644-8582<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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