<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=iso-8859-1"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;">Begin forwarded message:<br><div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite"><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;"><span style="font-family:'Helvetica'; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);"><b>From: </b></span><span style="font-family:'Helvetica';">eoas-seminar--- via Eoas-seminar <<a href="mailto:eoas-seminar@lists.fsu.edu">eoas-seminar@lists.fsu.edu</a>><br></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;"><span style="font-family:'Helvetica'; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);"><b>Subject: </b></span><span style="font-family:'Helvetica';"><b>[Eoas-seminar] Geology Thesis Defense - Chance Hannold - Nov 14, 3:00p - 104CAR</b><br></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;"><span style="font-family:'Helvetica'; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);"><b>Date: </b></span><span style="font-family:'Helvetica';">November 4, 2019 at 8:30:19 PM EST<br></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;"><span style="font-family:'Helvetica'; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);"><b>To: </b></span><span style="font-family:'Helvetica';">"<a href="mailto:eoas-seminar@lists.fsu.edu">eoas-seminar@lists.fsu.edu</a>" <<a href="mailto:eoas-seminar@lists.fsu.edu">eoas-seminar@lists.fsu.edu</a>><br></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;"><span style="font-family:'Helvetica'; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);"><b>Reply-To: </b></span><span style="font-family:'Helvetica';"><a href="mailto:eoas-seminar@lists.fsu.edu">eoas-seminar@lists.fsu.edu</a><br></span></div><br><div>
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<div id="divtagdefaultwrapper" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;" dir="ltr"><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">Title: Isotopic Evidence for Diets and Environments of Late Miocene-Early Pliocene Mammals in Yepomera, Mexico<br>
</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">Major Professor: Yang Wang<br>
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<h1><a name="_Toc24025714"></a><a name="_Toc22490923">Abstract</a><o:p></o:p></h1>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">The Late Miocene brought a sudden increase in the
biomass of C<sub>4</sub> plants that resulted in an expansion of grassland
habitat and markedly changed the diets of vertebrate fauna in many places
around the world. Concurrently, early pulses of Great American Biotic Interchange
(GABI) migrations are evidenced by early first appearances of immigrant taxa in
the fossil record, leading into the major GABI pulses in the Early Pliocene. The
causes and environmental context of GABI migrations, however, are not well
understood. Vertebrate fossils from Yepómera, western Chihuahua, represent one
of the richest assemblages in Mexico and are a valuable paleo-environmental
archive. This study examined the stable isotope compositions of tooth enamel
samples of this fauna to provide broad insight into the environmental
conditions of this region between 4.89 to 5.23 Ma, just after the arrival of C<sub>4</sub>
plants in North and South America and before the first major migration of GABI.
The enamel carbon and oxygen isotope data suggest a relatively dry, open
habitat (similar to savanna or prairie environments) with a strong C<sub>4</sub>
vegetation component, a mean annual temperature of 18 ± 10°C and a moderate
annual precipitation of 657 ± 93 mm/yr. At Yepómera, there was distinct niche
partitioning into pure C<sub>3</sub> diets, mixed diets, and pure C<sub>4</sub>
diets. As such, C<sub>4</sub> vegetation must have been a major component of
the environment during the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene. Despite expectations,
no niche partitioning between equid species (<i>Dinohippus mexicanus</i>,<i>
Nannippus aztecus</i>,<i> Astrohippus stockii</i>,<i> </i>and<i> Neohipparion
eurystyle</i>) can be determined from carbon isotope ratios.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">All four fossil horse species found in Yepómera had
pure or nearly pure C<sub>4</sub> diets, suggesting that they were hyper
grazers or primarily grazers, consistent with the inference from their dental
morphology. Pure C<sub>3</sub> consumption was rare to absent in all other
genera analyzed except for the genus Camelops, for which C<sub>3</sub>
vegetation was the dominant diet. Samples from <i>Hemiauchenia</i> varied
between pure C3 diet and a mixed diet depending on the individual. The other
genera in this study site (<i>Gomphotheriidae</i>, <i>Hexobelomeryx fricki</i>,
and <i>Platygonus</i>) were primarily mixed feeders. Assuming a carnivorous
life habit (based on dentition), <i>Agriotherium schneideri</i>, an immigrant
large ursid, appears to have consumed primarily equids. However, the enamel
isotope data cannot exclude the possibility of an omnivorous life habit. Migrations
are evidenced in the oxygen isotope ratios of several specimens indicating that
there was mobility in these taxa before the GABI, with diets remaining
consistent throughout this migration (suggesting strong dietary preferences and
niche specialization). The carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of the Yepómera
fauna are consistent with both the holding pen hypothesis for the GABI and a
Central American rise in C<sub>4</sub> biomass at least close in time to the
expansion of C<sub>4</sub> biomass in North America. Through adaptation to this
ecosystem, these taxa would be well prepared to exploit and compete for the
grassland habitats proposed to have developed on the Panama Isthmus. This could
explain how equids, peccaries, gomphotheres, and short-faced bears related to
these taxa had such success in arriving and diversifying in the South American
mainland, where a similar habitat is believed to have expanded around the time
of the exchange. Future work in this area will lead to a more complete
understanding of biologic responses to changing climate and population
dynamics.</span><!--EndFragment--></div>------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br><div apple-content-edited="true">
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><div style="letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><div style="letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; 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-webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><div style="orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; widows: auto; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><div style="orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; widows: auto; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><div style="orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; widows: auto; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px;"><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;">Yang Wang</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;">Professor </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;">Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;">Florida State University</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;">909 Antarctica Way</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;">PO Box 3064100</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;">Tallahassee, FL 32306</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;">Phone: 850-644-1121 or 850-645-5619 </div><a href="http://www.eoas.fsu.edu/people/faculty/dr-yang-wang">http://www.eoas.fsu.edu/people/faculty/dr-yang-wang</a><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 11px;"><u><font color="#4044f8">http://www.eoas.fsu.edu</font></u></span></p><span style="font-size: 11px;"><u><font color="#4044f8">Google Scholar: </font></u></span>http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=uN9mVUoAAAAJ&hl=en<p class="MsoNormal" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><font color="#4787ff"><span style="font-size: 11px;"><u><br></u></span></font></p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="orphans: 2; 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-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica;">Geochemistry Program</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica;">National High Magnetic Field Laboratory</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica;">1800 E Paul Dirac Drive</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica;">Tallahassee, FL 32310-3706</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica;"><div>Phone: 850-644-1121 </div><div><div>Fax: 850-644-0827</div><div>Office: B327</div><div>E-mail: ywang@magnet.fsu.edu</div></div></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica;"><br></div></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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